What books to read about the structure of the programming ecosystem?

Question

Books

Hello Toaster Visitors! Now I am finishing school, I am programming in python, php, but I have little understanding of the programming ecosystem.
I would like to read about different languages, which ones are the best in different areas, how they interact with each other, and just to understand computer networks, libraries and basic concepts.
The priority, of course, is books where everything is described in detail (or specifically about one area), but I will not refuse interesting articles either.
I know it probably sounds stupid and all this comes with experience, but I ask you not to throw stones at me.

Answer 1

Petzold - Code, the secret language of computer science
Tanenbaum - Computer architecture
Tanenbaum - Modern operating systems
Tanenbaum - Computer networks