The BIOS settings do not support the boot device. Why?

Question

Hard disks

Faced the problem that the hard drive is not detected.

At startup, it displays the following window (spoiler)

Warning
Текущие настройки BIOS не поддерживают загрузочное устройство.
Нажмите [F1] для входа в BIOS Setup

Перейдите в Advanced > Boot > CSM Parameters и настройте параметры CSM (модуль совместимости) для включения загрузочного устройства.

Since I don’t understand what’s what, I tried to boot with all possible settings in the “storage devices” column in the “Enable” mode. I tried to turn on the "Auto" mode instead of "Enable", the result is 0.
The hard drive worked fine, then for some time it lay untouchable in the closet, did not fall. I checked all the contacts, there is no oxide, everything is clean. I changed SATA cables and even bought 2 new ones, 0 results.

By the way, hard is quite old, Samsung HD300JL, but why it worked and suddenly stopped for no apparent reason is a mystery. There were no interruptions and power surges, there is an uninterruptible power supply.
What could happen to the hard drive, maybe you just need to adjust the settings in the BIOS?
ps I know that the service center can help, but I would like to do it myself.

Answer 1

The error window says that the system installed on your disk uses Legacy boot mode (MBR / Boot Sector), or the system is not detected at all. At the same time, the Legacy boot option is disabled in the BIOS (the "UEFI only" mode is set), so you are prompted to enable Legacy / CSM in order to boot the system from this disk.
That is, the disk itself is probably fine. The system on it conflicts with the BIOS settings, namely the boot method.
Determining the boot type of your system is quite simple - if the disk has a small (~ 100 MB) FAT32 partition with an EFI folder on it, or a GPT disk layout, this is definitely a system with a UEFI boot mode. Otherwise, if there is only one partition, or MBR layout, you have a Legacy boot

Answer 2

Well, firstly - what bios.
secondly - does the bios see hdd
Tried the options with the sata operating mode? there switching IDE \ AHCI
Is it in the bios ueffi? try enabling/disabling secure boot