What is the reason for strong brakes under load on the HDD (Linux)?

Question

linux

Hello. Elementary OS installed. This distribution is based on Ubuntu. When copying relatively large files to a USB flash drive, or when downloading large files from the Internet, very large brakes are observed. So much so that even the mouse cursor slows down. ext4 file system. Checked the disk for bads, everything is fine. What could be the problem?

Answer 1

12309 ))

Answer 2

The problem may not be in the HDD at all. Most likely your controller is failing.

Answer 3

See what mode your interface is in:
Also, see what exactly loads your processor during copying:
vmstat 1

Answer 4

At one time I solved this issue. Decided quite simply.
1. This file should contain this line. No, please add. Don't blindly add, google just in case, maybe I'm wrong ;)

[[email protected] ~]$ cat /etc/default/grub 
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="transparent_hugepage=madvise"

2. After I googled and added:
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Answer 5

To begin with, we read about I/O and process schedulers.
Introduction to Linux
Schedulers Linux I/O and Process
Schedulers Linux I/O Scheduler. Choosing the optimal