What is the literature for general it development?

Question

Books

Hello. I don’t know how to formulate it normally, sorry, I didn’t even have computer science at school ((In general, I’m tired of the copy-paste of abracadabra. We need some material that will give a general idea of ​​what is why and why in the computer.
It is necessary to a greater extent for confident work in the console, well, it's just interesting.
I read "Code. The Secret Language of Computer Science" by Charles Petzold.
I read Operating Systems, but I don’t understand much here. I
google, of course, but it gives fragmentary knowledge.
And that’s how I learn front-end. I
found it. Computer science. Basic course.For students of technical universities.There is a second volume, advanced.That
's what I meant by general introduction.Contents
:
Introduction 8
Chapter 1. Information and Informatics 11
1.1. Information in the material world 11
1.2. Data 17
1.3. Files and file structure 31
1.4. Informatics 34
Summing up 36
Questions for self-control 37
Chapter 2. Computing 38
2.1. The history of the development of computer technology 38
2.2. Computer classification methods 42
2.3. The composition of the computer system 49
Summing up 60
Questions for self-control 61
Chapter 3. The device of a personal computer 62
3.1. Basic hardware configuration of a personal computer 62
3.2. Internal devices of the system unit 70
3.3. Systems located on the motherboard 78
3.4. Peripherals of a personal computer 87
Practical lesson 94
Chapter 4. Functions of operating systems of personal computers 99
4.1. Providing a user interface 99
4.2. Ensuring automatic start 100
4.3. Organization of the file system 101
4.4. Maintenance of the file structure 102
4.5. Managing the installation, execution and removal of applications 107
4.6. Interaction with hardware 109
4.7. Computer maintenance 110
4.8. Other Operating System Features 113
Summing Up 114
Self-Assessment Questions 115
Chapter 5. Windows XP Basics 116
5.1. Basic objects and methods of managing Windows 116
5.2. Windows files and folders 119
5.3. Operations with file structure 122
5.4. Using the Main Menu 129
5.5. Installing and uninstalling Windows applications 129
5.6. Hardware installation 132
Practical lesson 134
Research work 139
Chapter 6. Setting up the Windows XP operating system 141
6.1. Configuring data input-output 142
6.2. Customizing Windows XP Design Elements 143
6.3. Customizing Windows XP controls 147
6.4. Configuring Windows XP Automation Tools 150
6.5. Setting fonts 156
6.6. Other Windows XP 160 settings
6.7. Help system Windows XP 162
Practice 164
Independent work 168
Chapter 7. Standard Windows XP applications 169
7.1. Standard application programs 169
7.2. Principles of embedding and linking objects 181
7.3. Windows XP Service Applications 183
7.4. Standard media 187
Practical lesson 189
Chapter 8. Computer networks, Internet, computer security ... 195
8.1. Computer networks 195
8.2. Internet. Basic concepts 201
8.3. Internet connection 213
8.4. Computer Security Issues 215
Practice 224
Chapter 9. Getting Information from the Internet 227
9.1. Basic concepts of the World Wide Web 227
9.2. Working with Internet Explorer 6.0 228
9.3. Finding information on the World Wide Web 236
9.4. Sending and Receiving Messages 243
Practice 247
Chapter 10. Creating Simple Text Documents 253
10.1. General information about the word processor Microsoft Word 253
10.2. Techniques for working with texts in Microsoft Word 262
10.3. Techniques and tools for automating the development of documents 274
Practical lesson 279
Chapter 11. Creation of complex text documents 285
11.1. Techniques for Manipulating Microsoft Word Objects 285
11.2. Entering formulas , 294
11.3. Working with tables 296
11.4. Working with charts 299
11.5. Working with graphic objects 302
Practical lesson 309
Chapter 12. Data processing using spreadsheets 315
12.1. Basic concepts of spreadsheets 316
12.2. Contents of the spreadsheet 318
12.3. Printing Excel Documents .. 323
12.4. The use of spreadsheets for calculations 325
12.5. Building charts and graphs 328
Practical lesson 330
Chapter 13. Working with databases 340
13.1. Basic concepts of databases 340
13.2. Formation of databases 345
13.3. Working with DBMS Microsoft Access 2002 353
Practice 367
Chapter 14. Techniques and methods of working with compressed data 375
14.1. Theoretical foundations of data compression 375
14.2. Data compression software 379
14.3. Media Compaction Software 382
Practice 384
Research 394
Chapter 15. Introduction to Computer Graphics 398
15.1. Fundamentals of presentation of graphical data 398
15.2. Presentation of graphical data 413
Practice 423
15.3. Tools for working with raster graphics 425
15.4. Tools for working with vector graphics 432
Practical lesson 437
Research work 441
Practical lesson 442
Research work 446
Chapter 16. CorelDraw vector editor 449
16.1. Features of CorelDraw 449
16.2. Controls 450
16.3. Drawing graphics 458
16.4. Filling objects 464
16.5. Operations with text 469
16.6. Reshaping Objects 472
Section 16.7. Operations with groups 475
Example. Drawing a topographic map 482
Practical lesson 482
Chapter 17. Document processing automation 488
17.1. Converting documents into electronic form 488
Practical lesson 495
17.2. Automated translation of documents 498
Practical lesson 506
Chapter 18. Means of automation of research work .. 509
18.1. Computer as an instrument of scientific work 509
18.2. Mathcad Techniques 513
Practice 521
Chapter 19 Publishing Web Documents 537 Section
19.1. Creating Web Documents 537-19.2
. Using the HTML language 539
Section 19.3. Working in the FrontPage Editor 552
Section 19.4. Publishing Web Documents 557
Practice 558
Research 566
Chapter 20 Programming Basics 568
20.1. Programming languages ​​568
20.2. Programming systems 578
20.3. Algorithmic (modular) programming 582
20.4. Structured programming 599
20.5. Object Oriented Programming 605
20.6. Program design 608
20.7. Basic example. Breeding of rabbits 616
20.8. Pascal example. Circle Coloring 621
20.9. An example in C++. Graph drawing 626

Answer 1

"Common IT-development" does not exist. IT consists of many loosely related things. For example:

1. Networks are built according to a hierarchy of protocols. At the same time, as far as possible - each level is built so as to be independent of the overlying and underlying levels; this is necessary in order to be able to make local improvements at some level without touching the rest, or even replace the system at one of the levels.
   
2. The computer is divided into hardware and software parts. Drivers coordinate them, and the rest is independent.
   
3. The hardware part is also built from components. For example, at some point, cache memory was introduced in such a way that it went unnoticed by programs. Well, expansion boards did not notice the appearance of cache memory either.
   
4. The software part is also built from components. There is an operating system kernel (which also consists of components); there are libraries; there are application programs that often work in conjunction (and now it is fashionable to do so that the connection can be transferred to the network, and related programs can be executed on different computers).
   
5. There is a back-end and a front-end.
   
6. There are many different programming languages. And there are also different programming paradigms - imperative, declarative, functional.
   
7. And there are many different operating systems. Moreover, there is a chic class of Unix-like operating systems (with varying degrees of similarity), but there are completely different ones (Windows. OS / 2, VMS).
   

You need to choose the direction of development - and dig in this direction.
To begin with, try asking some specific questions about what is unclear. From them it will become clear in which direction to dig.
It is very useful to find some kind of accessible guru who will personally tell you what you don't understand. In personal communication, you can quickly correct the process of the story, answer questions. Announce your geographic location - maybe someone is nearby.
Judging by the table of contents, "Informatics. Basic course. For students of technical universities." - it's something like "gallop across Europe". And I strongly suspect that this tutorial is terribly one-sided, with biases towards *86/AMD64 and Windows based personal computers; and alternative (in many ways more advanced) systems such as ARM and Unix are not covered there.
Also, I've noticed that the Windows books are extremely ugly about networking. Up to the point that it says the normally correct things that create a false impression for an illiterate person in these matters (unfortunately, I don’t remember examples anymore - I read it a long time ago; but there was a clear feeling of just that). At a minimum, books on Windows pay a lot of attention to the completely worthless NetBIOS, ignoring much more important aspects.
PS: I didn't have computer science at school either. Then she was not in schools at all - except perhaps for Bill Gates, but his mother was friendly with the directors of IBM.

Answer 2

The Internet has an ocean of answers to this question, and even more information and books that you are looking for. Perhaps you haven’t decided on the activity yet or you just didn’t search well (didn’t know what to look for), but here are a few examples for you:
online:
1) https://learn.javascript.ru/ => JavaScript 4 bginners
2) https:// www.codewars.com/ => pratice
3) https://checkio.org/ => JS, Python fun and learning
books:
1) Clean Code by Robert Martin (read the rest of his work too)
2) Design Patterns: => (online - https://refactoring.guru/en/design-patterns)/ (book - Eric Freeman, Elizabeth Freeman, Kathy Sierra, Bert Bates - Design Patterns)
3) https://www.w3schools.com/ => HTML & CSS
The best : https://google.com
I'm pretty sure that this is enough for now.

Answer 3

I'm more concerned about how bash differs from shell

Shell is the general name of a class of programs, translated as a shell.
For example, Windows Explorer is also a shell with a graphical interface.
And bash is a specific shell with a command line interface
console command in Linux, which you can see the settings of network interfaces.
There is such a word.
Look at all unfamiliar terms on Wikipedia first. Simple and accessible.
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D...
https://ru.wikipedia. org/wiki/Ipconfig
PS In order to work normally on the Linux command line, you can take some course on working in the shell.

Answer 4

A person needs to " read about how it all works ( in the subway ), it needs to be somehow useful to me, so that it is not complicated and consistent." , a person didn’t have computer science at school (??!!), but here they already advised him on the Linux command line, and OOP, and clean code, and Python ..... Zhah, in a word. Well, it's good that it's not programming sockets, parallel processes and some Erlang with Hadup :-).
Dear TS. If you are really interested in the basics, the basics of all this, then take ANY book that is called something like this: "Fundamentals of Computer Science", "Fundamentals of Computer Science and Programming", Basics of Computer Science , Computer Science for Dummies, but even this: Country Informatics. Introduction to computers. Grade 3 and start to understand, get your "general idea of ​​what is why and why in the computer."
Then, gradually (!!!) you will move on to more complex sources, on the way starting to understand what you really need, why you need it and - most importantly - where you can read about it in more detail. Well, or if you completely stall somewhere on some issue, you will return to the Toaster with specific incomprehensible things.
By the way, a very strange wish "It is necessary to a greater extent for confident work in the console"where did it come from? Especially at the initial stage. Are you going to work as a system administrator or a hacker? I sit and think, where can it be needed at the zero stage of mastering a computer, or even an " advanced PC and Internet user "?
And yes, there was no computer science at school, but do you even know how to google Google yourself?

Answer 5

selection of literature, etc. depends on what you want to use the obtained data in the future

Answer 6

Enjoy Harvard 's CS50. Fundamentals of programming" in Russian for beginners.
It’s a pity that our universities don’t teach so excitingly:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sy_wba7l1UU&list=P...
Short description of lectures:
https://habr.com/ru/company/vertdider/blog /403823/