What is the difference between SSH, FTP, Samba, NFS? Where and when is the best time to apply. Within Home Nas, Server?

Question

NAS

I am newbie. First experience. I'm typing, playing, testing Microserver Gen8 at home. Installed Freenas and Xpenology. Both are normal. But I did not find a clear explanation on the net for a beginner, what is the difference between SSH, FTP (and what is SFTP?), Samba, NFS?
1) When is the best protocol to use? Which one is faster?
2) How are you at home, if you have a server. Organize a backup of your OS or files on the main desktop. I tried to make a backup of the OS, immediately over the network to the server. (the server is connected to the router, the computer too). Backup is very slow. In general, the transfer between the computer and the server speed is 10-11 Mb/s. In general, I ended up making a backup on a removable usb drive. And from it already threw on the server. How is your backup set up, why is my speed so slow. Maybe the transfer protocol is not the same?

Answer 1

1. Before using the community, always use the search engine and only then ask a question.
2. SSH, FTP, NFS are protocols!! SSH data transfer is
a console client, of course there are also graphical ones, but it is more suitable for configuring and managing an
FTP server - the file transfer protocol is decrypted, there are many clients, you can transfer from anywhere, depending on the settings of the router
NFS - network file system, you can connect to a computer and simply drag the file to another section
. Samba is a set of programs. She can do a lot of things, even act as an AD. Previously used in the main for a ball from a Linux environment to a Windows one.