What else is logic, apart from TTL?

Question

Do it yourself

There is diode logic, transistor-diode, transistor-transistor, but how else can information be transmitted and recorded by means of conventional electronics? If there were no transistors on earth, or the methods of the past, your own thoughts, that is, without using processors, how can you create a computer, albeit very lafic in view of its bulkiness, on which information can be stored? I thought about capacitors, but their problem is instant zeroing on contact, so they are like a disposable flash drive, unless they are connected two or three apart, this topic is of interest.
ps the theme is rather on the development of fantasy, logic, ideas, rediscovery of bicycles with curved wheels.

Answer 1

According to Wikipedia ...
Resistor-transistor
Emitter-coupled
Diode-transistor
Transistor-transistor
Integral-injection Diode
and Schottky transistors (TTL is also traditionally and incorrectly considered)
n-MOS
CMOS
I tried to put them in historical order, although I'm not sure that I'm right.
The meaning of the transistor (in key mode) is that by switching one circuit, we switch another. The same can be done on radio tubes and relays.
Digging through Wikipedia, I found out that non-linear elements suitable for logic must have such properties.
• Recovery of logical levels - if a bad "0" or a bad "1" comes to the input (but still it will take it for 0 or 1), the output will be a "0" or "1" of much better quality.
• Cascading: g(f(x)) can be adjusted.
• Fan-in: the ability to use multiple signals with one element.
• Fan-out: output a signal to several elements.
• Isolation between inputs and outputs.
They say that the future is optical computers, but at the inputs and outputs of such computers, one horseradish will have to be converted into electricity.
If you do something without using processors, analog computers are at your service. Without transistors and thyristors in them (electronic, of course) is also nowhere, but there is no processor in them. But there are also mechanical AVMs (google, for example, POISOT, which spoiled a lot of blood on German bombers), and hydraulic AVMs (google hydraulic integrator, MONIAC).
PS. It will not work on resistors, capacitors and other passive ones: you need an active element, i.e. who knows how to control the flow of energy, and not just dissipate or accumulate. On diodes, I think it is possible, but difficult.

Answer 2

Is there such a thing as CMOS?

Answer 3

So after all, the history of computers began with such things as the abacus (abacus), adding machine (mechanical adder), even steam-mechanical computers were. Then computers went to electromechanical relays, then vacuum tubes, only then transistors! And computers really occupied an entire room and consumed a lot of electricity. Google about the history of computers, a lot of interesting things

Answer 4

quantum

Answer 5

An interesting wording of the question ... Well, there is Boolean, female, worldly and many others. But the implementation of Boolean logic in electronics - yes, it can be different too. I will supplement the previous answers with p-MOS logic: this is when the supply voltage is about -25 ... 30 volts, now a museum exhibit.
There was (most likely still is) and pneumology on pistons, membranes and valves, was used in explosive places where electrical elements could not be used in principle. Its subspecies - jet pneumology, if I'm not mistaken, was practically never used anywhere, and remained a game of the mind of techies.

Answer 6

if "logic" means the structures that form the basic switching element, then they forgot to mention the Josephson Effect
In the late 80s, an experimental processor based on the Josephson effect was created in Japan. Although the 4-bit ALU made it inapplicable in practice, this scientific study was a serious experiment that opens up prospects for the future.
I see the main application in the distant future, in space, where appropriate temperatures are not a problem. I wonder how it is with radiation resistance.
Of recent inventions, it is worth remembering The vacuum transistor can overcome the 1 THz milestone
Our first prototype operates at a frequency of 460 gigahertz, which is about 10 times higher than the best silicon transistor.
And this is very bad *** for a prototype, and the creation of such transistors does not require especially new technologies, they can be created on the basis of existing ones.
Well, the technology of switches based on a single molecule of a certain substance, although there is no end to this direction of work