Tell me about network design

Question

Design

It is planned to move the office to its own 7-storey building. On each floor there are about 10 rooms for 3-4 people. The server room is planned to be located on the basement floor (now there is an office and a server room of a city-wide provider).
It’s not worth talking about how everything is arranged now, because. the network was built 15 years ago and since then only additional baubles have been screwed on with the calculation anyhow simpler and cheaper. Central office network without vlans, servers on the same subnet with users. Remote offices (up to 10 people, mostly 3-4) are connected through different providers and technologies, low-speed channels (not higher than 5 Mbps) through a central router - Cisco 2811. The PBX is now some kind of analog old man. I would like IP-telephony.
I want to make a reservation right away that the budget is not large, but I would like to do it “wisely”. In equipment, I’m more inclined towards Cisco, but I’m not sure that the budget will pull, D-Link - I can’t stand the scent.
First you need to decide on the design of the central heating network, which I would like to ask you about. How to build a network based on a hierarchical model, what equipment to use in which place, how to spread the network across floors, how to logically divide the network.

PS I understand that I will now be sent with such requests to integrators, but in view of the specifics of my leadership, I will have to do everything on my own ((

Answer 1

You can also look towards Huawei. they have a cisco-like cli, or Nortel.
ideally, a vlan for users (sometimes even their groups), a vlan for managing switches of routers / ETC,
a vlan for internal servers and for the demilitarized zone, i.e. the one where external servers look out into the world. 2 wifi points - one corporate with a radius tied to MS AD, the second for guests with laptops / phones (and shaping)
in a dmz - vpn server for remote offices.
network by floors - on each floor it is logical to put a switch with two links up / down and stp so that there is no ring.
do not forget about server backups, monitoring.
about AD - two domain controllers, a separate file washer, you can virtualize if the hardware allows on different pieces of iron

Answer 2

Be sure to describe all cables, cable structure, cable and port markings, and thorough documentation right away. you can keep local media wiki + maps in visio / its analogue. on the walls of server cabinets - a description of where which inputs (so that the server is included in different inputs), where which servers are and what functionality they perform. it is better to allocate test ones in a separate cabinet.
It is better to lead the cables again - you will be sure that they are new, because. old ones can be interrupted and so on.

Answer 3

As switches, you can look HP Procurve 2510. Trouble-free pieces of iron, easy to manage and much cheaper than ciscos. True, in this case there is a question of compatibility over protocols such as QoS, but there are no unsolvable problems.
If the budget allows, then install two gateways and raise VRRP between them, connect the server farm to the gateway through 2 switches that reserve each other. Reservation of communication to all important nodes and configuration of routing via ospf.

Answer 4

The first and most important (in my opinion of course) recommendation: DO NOT save on SCS! No need to listen to any "only a couple of people will sit in this office, make two sockets here and that's enough." Be sure to do everything according to the standards and more - at least 2 sockets for every 4kv. m. of area, lay sockets in the corridors, lay a reserve of 30% of cables just hanging under the ceiling or in a cable duct. The initial cost may seem significant, but it's bullshit considering how much it will cost to add a couple of ports later when there aren't any. There is almost no difference in stuffing 1 wire or 20 into the walls, and then it will help to avoid a lot of problems.

Answer 5

Damn, what kind of people?!!! No matter how you ask a question in Q&A, someone will definitely shit into karma%)
Well, at least they commented somehow, otherwise it’s a quiet minus in karma and the question itself.

Answer 6

If you put the wires "under the plaster" - do it with a margin.
I really like how the 220 and LAN sockets are built into the floor in the Google office.
We put the table, removed the plug - we are working, a minimum of wires from the wall ... They removed the table, put the plug - again everything is neat Something
like this
www.abl-sursum.com/uploads/pics/ebsd-exklusiv-1_02.jpg