How to update Windows 7,8.1,10 from LiveCd?

Question

Boot disk

Sometimes it becomes necessary to update a system that has not been updated for several years. On older Atoms, it takes about 3 days to install all the latest updates. Is there any way to update Windows by connecting the disk from the computer being updated to a more powerful computer?
Those. I take out the disk from the old slow computer, put it in the second disk to the computer with Corei7, set the program or the update script on the second disk and the system is updated in 2-3 hours, reboots are not needed, respectively. the system being upgraded is not running.
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