How to restore disk partition tables using a usb flash drive?

Question

Hard disks

Good evening everyone!
After the Windows license was transferred from the old computer to a freshly assembled new one, it was decided to install Ubuntu on the old machine without killing the old partition, so that, if anything, it was possible to “pick out” the old data from under Ubuntu (those that I forgot transfer or backup).
Manual partitioning was selected in the Ubuntu installer. After much deliberation, the markup gave an error. Ubuntu got up on the second attempt, in the "together with Windows" mode (apparently the MBR did not crash as a result of unsuccessful partitioning), however, it did not get access to the remaining partition from under ubuntu (a long error message is issued, the meaning of which boils down to "the partition is damaged , there are errors on it or it's a hardware failure, check the partition"), neither from under the miracle of the remaining Windows (seven) - the download starts, the logo appears, but after a couple of seconds the system gives a reset and loads again - it fails.
It looks like the unfortunate markup damaged some of the elements (file table? partition table? (not an expert in this matter)) that provide normal access to data on the "old partition". Some utility is needed that can diagnose and restore (if everything is not too bad) the information and operation of the partition, but! The CD drive from the computer was removed and put on a new one, so I would like this utility to be able to be loaded from a USB flash drive (4.8 GB). Any thoughts on the issue?
Thank you all for your help.

Answer 1

Download rutracker.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4656509
from the rutracker to a flash drive and steal important files. Then shut everything down and reinstall.