How to recover data from RAID1?

Question

Hard disks

I plan to buy a 2-disk storage and build a mirror RAID on it. Information in such a RAID is duplicated on both disks, and if one of them fails, the information will be stored on the other. So let's assume that one disk fails, how is infa obtained from the second? It can simply be connected to a computer and downloaded, or is it somehow encoded on it that it needs to be restored using utilities and does it somehow depend on the Nas manufacturer? And if nas itself fails, infa is taken from the disks in what way?
Answers like: Carry to data recovery offices - are not needed, because I myself know about their existence and this will be the very last item on the list.

Answer 1

Well, yes, the disks are completely identical in terms of data and can be connected "as usual" to a third-party computer.

Answer 2

There are two options for creating a RAID.
This is using a hardware controller (on the motherboard or on a separate board). Or software - linux raid mdadm (for example), software RAID in windows.
If the raid is software -infa is simply duplicated, and each disk is available separately.
If it is a hardware array, then the array is encoded and available in the MOST (so far I only know the built-in raid intel on motherboards) only with the same controller for reading.
My choice is always and everywhere - software raid - everything is stored on Windows at home, on my own computer, in offices at work - linux raid software.
A separate zhedezka for storage - only there is no PC at home (you use laptops), then yes. But it's easier to assemble your PC. And more reliable

Answer 3

With RAID 1, there are no problems in this regard. Any disk is a complete copy of the main one (that one is broken, but this one still works fine).
But to be honest, RAID 1 is not particularly pleasing to the eye, look towards RAID 5 (50, 51).
And in any case, if you want a tenacious raid, then you will not have to skimp on the raid controller (if you thought about maximum safety on the built-in motherboard - rest in peace).

Answer 4

In general, you have already been written enough, except that I would advise you to unmark the solution from the answer, about the fact that everything will always be visible.
I'll add to this on my own:

Answers like: Carry to data recovery offices - not needed

Not all data recovery companies are scary and greedy :)
For example, we do such things as copying information from a disk where everything is available, we do for free. They even specially posted a free program for data recovery, incl. and in similar cases: https://rlab.ru/tools/rsaver.html
With its help, even if the disk will not open in Windows, it will be possible to read a large list of live file systems, incl. quite rare.