How to choose a processor for a server?

Question

Intel

You need a processor for such tasks: performing a large number of mathematical operations from data stored in RAM (More than 30 GB). Multiple threads for faster performance.
For example, processors Intel Xeon E5-2660 v4 vs Intel Xeon E5-2630 v4 vs Intel Xeon Gold 6140 vs Intel Xeon Silver 4114.
What are the main criteria for tasks (described above)?
Probably frequency, number of cores, processor cache?
Probably, the processor cache is the most important thing for working with a large amount of used RAM? (For example, 2660 has 35 MB of cache, others have less). Do I get it right?
Or something different? Perhaps other criteria?
What do you advise?
Also, if you use a server that is not dedicated, but VDS? Does the processor cache suffer from this? Is it distributed proportionally among all users (number of cores) or not?

Answer 1

Take a percentage with a higher frequency and number of cores:
Take enough RAM so that all your data fits into it entirely + a margin for the needs of the OS and other processes, as well as for the growth of data in the future. See that in the future it would be possible to increase the amount of memory in the server, i.e. there would be free slots for memory.
Place the OS swap file on the SSD - this will reduce the time it takes to load data if it is forced out of RAM into the swap.
The cache size is a secondary parameter (if not a tertiary one :-) ), but the larger the better, of course.