How does the OSI networking model really work?

Question

Network administration

Interested in the principle of operation of the real OSI model on a specific example. A specific example: I enter mail.ru in the browser - how is the message (request) delivered to the server of this site according to the OSI model?

7) If I understand correctly - the set in the mail.ru browser is the application level?
6) The data sent to the server (to receive the html page) is encrypted (because https) on the client computer - a presentation layer? There would also be a representative level, for example, when uploading a photo to some server, the same mail.ru, because. the picture needs to be encoded in a text format that the browser understands, right?
5) The session layer, if I understand correctly, is the connection setup? But after all establishment of connection is a transport level according to wikipedia?
4) The transport layer is the splitting of an encrypted request via https into small fragments (datagrams) on the client computer, right?
3) Network layer - building a route for this encrypted https request for mail.ru (in the form of packets), right? But I don’t understand where the client’s computer can know the route from? Or does the router (home) know it? - but then it turns out not the network level, but the physical one (since the signal from the computer first goes through the cable to the home router)? And does this router know the route (after all, for this it needs to know all the ip-addresses of the world in order to build the fastest route)?
2) According to Wikipedia, the link layer is designed to transfer data to nodes located in the same LAN segment, is that correct? It turns out when data on my home network is transmitted between computers via cables - is this the link layer? Isn't it a physical cable after all? And the request for mail.ru goes over the cable from the client's computer to the router (home, which is still in the apartment) - this is the link level, and after the router (home) - first to the provider's local network - is this already physical? I think something is wrong here?
1) Physical layer - data over the cable from the router to the next router (according to the network layer route) .. and so on to the mail.ru server, right?

Answer 1

At each higher level, data from the lower ones is available.
- Physical - an electrical signal passing through the cable (in the simplest case). Operates with the parameters of this very signal, that this signal carries - nifiga knows
- Channel - the level of the Ethernet protocol (and other link-level protocols). Operates with Ethernet frames and MAC addresses, what's inside the frame - don't care what.
- Network - IP protocol layer (and other network layer protocols, such as ICMP - all of a sudden, right?). Operates with the IP packet header and IP addresses, what's inside the IP packet - don't care.
- Transport - the level of the TCP protocol (and other transport level protocols, such as UDP). Operates on the TCP packet header and port, what's inside the TCP packet - don't care
- Session - practically not used. At a time when computers were large, and the connection was lousy, it was used to restore the session in case of its sudden break, "playing" it again
- Views - encryption / decryption of data is performed here, the SSL level
- Applications - the application layer, application protocols such as HTTP
The model is intended to represent the connection of protocols with each other, in the program you can only talk about the implementation of one or another protocol, the program implements a specific thing, the OSI level is an abstraction :)

Answer 2

Read the book: https://www.ozon.ru/context/detail/id/1504328/
I saw its table of contents, it seems to fit your question about the OSI model