How do cell towers work?

Question

mobile connection

I found some information in a compressed form (well, it’s not a book to reread because of one question), it says the following:
a signal is transmitted from the device to the BS (base station), from it to the core (one of the main stations) via fiber optic or air.
Actually the question itself: is there only one way from the BS to the core, or can spare (alternative) ones be available?
The question is more tied to the latest news about the termination of the mob. MTS communications in Donbass. According to the media throughout the territory, it stopped working due to the damage of a single cable, which sounds unconvincing. Surely, if the connection itself is called "cellular", then according to the grid principle, information can be transmitted to the desired BS over neighboring

Answer 1

Having no information about what happened, I can, however, based on personal experience, assume the following:
Option 1: The source of communication problems with the cable is not really connected. The problem can be much more complex, cunning and elusive in nature, but since something urgently needs to be explained to the public, they said, as in that joke about dad - a pianist in a brothel : a broken cable.
Option 2: The cable is really broken, and there might not have been a backup channel.
I'm probably going to say a cynical thing, but the purpose of the existence of any company is to make money. And money saved is money earned.
Do you remember the movie "Fight Club" and the work of the protagonist?
We take the amount of losses L, the probability of failure P and the cost of building a fault-tolerant communication channel C.
If L * P >= C, the channel will be reserved.
If L * P < C, there will be no reserve

Answer 2

How do cell towers work?

The base stations are connected to the controller, the controller is connected to the mobile switch and HLR, and the switch, in turn, is already connected to the PSTN (if we are only talking about voice in GSM). The controller, HLR and switch are located in a separate data center. As a rule, there is a ring of bases, that is, one is connected to another by a chain, and as a result, the ring closes. Transport between bazookas can be implemented using different technologies - FOCL, RRL, wimax and even Wi-Fi.
But judging by the news, you have a massive problem, obviously > 10 base stations suffer. Most likely the problem is somewhere on the connection of this data center. Without the transport schemes of your operator, you will not know how many cable routes there come to the data center. It is possible that there used to be several tracks, one was damaged, but everything worked on reserve and the hype was not raised. And if it comes to that, then it’s not a fact that the matter is in the breakage of the communication cable. Operators have a problem with the coordination and provision of official information in the media.
Look here in the search, type, there are articles about the features of communication in the DPR / LPR.

Answer 3

on average, the cables lie a meter from the railway, and 1-2 meters deep,
well, in addition to such or such situations, of course
, there is a reservation, especially since in such a densely populated area the
reason for the actions of the MTS is this : the
experience in the Crimea is quite successful, so that the usual technical measures

Answer 4

I don’t know what is there in the Donbass, but I somehow rested on the sea, in one relatively wild place in the Krasnodar Territory. So one day the electricity went out in the whole village along with the connection from Beeline. Tele2 and Megafon were never caught there, but MTS continued to work (their tower is a little far away).
This I mean that there is not only a signal going through a single cable, but there is no backup power supply either.