How can multiple signals be transmitted on one wire at once?

Question

Computer networks

Here, for example, several devices are connected to the router at once. All devices constantly transmit something to him, and he sends it all over one cable to the provider. The provider adds this received information with the information received from other users and sends all this in a heap over one cable. How is the addition of several signals in one environment and their further decoding? And why, if you download something, say, via torrents, does the Internet speed drop? But on the fiber that connects one provider to another, a sea of ​​\u200b\u200binformation flows from different users (downloading, watching movies online, online games and a bunch of everything else), but this does not slow down the speed of users.

Answer 1

If you just explain. That information in the cable is not transmitted at once. All transmitted information is cut into packets. Further, these packets are sequentially transmitted one by one over the cable. One packet at a time.
However, thanks to technology, the transmission of one packet takes negligible time.
In turn, the connection between the points has a (technological) limitation on the packet transmission rate.
The faster the speed maintained, the more expensive the equipment. Operators have very expensive equipment, they can drive "millions of information", ordinary users have cheap equipment, it is not so fast. And then the effect of the river is obtained where the channel is the provider, and the users are streams that flow into the river (channel). If the river is full, then the information will not reach quickly. and there will be brake losses, a decrease in the speed of the Internet.
About torrents. The torrent protocol is designed to download data at maximum speed when downloading. Therefore, when you launch it, you take away all the available speed of your channel, and there is almost no room for other packages, so the quality of the connection drops.

Answer 2

The question is too big to answer.
You need to tell this from how zeros and ones are transmitted over the wire and to the organization of CDN, multiplexing and organization of peer-to-peer networks.

Answer 3

For example, here is how serial data transfer via TCP / IP protocol is organized link . For signals. Only 1 signal can be transmitted at one time, otherwise there is a chance of collisions in the data transmission medium.
In terms of speed. There are many factors here: the speed of the servers that process the signals + the data transfer medium + the speed limits of the provider.
I advise you to read about the TCP/IP model.

Answer 4

it is more about radio engineering that the carrier frequency is related https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%D...