Do such transistors exist?

Question

Electronics

Ordinary transistors without voltage (or current) on the control contact are closed, they open when applied.
The question is, on the contrary, there are transistors that close when a control signal is applied, remaining open the rest of the time.

Answer 1

In an npn transistor, as you described, to open it, you need to apply a plus to the base, the emitter is on the ground, while the load is between the collector and + power supply: in this case, between the collector and the ground:
On the circuits, transistors with already integrated resistors, when using conventional resistors, you need to add a 10K resistor to the base.

Answer 2

Yes, I have. These are JFETs and depletion-mode MOSFETs .