Will the HDD die when constantly working via USB?

Question

Hard disks

Good afternoon!
I decided to connect a sata 3.5 '' hard drive to an old laptop via usb in order to create an SMB file server.
The data goes through a sata-usb adapter, powered by an additional power supply from an old PC (+5v, +12v).
Everything is working.
But I noticed that in this situation, hdd is always in operation, that is, it makes noise and constantly rotates inside.
When the same hdd was connected via sata to the computer motherboard, it either slowed down, then stopped, then started, depending on the tasks.
Question:
1) how long will my hdd last when connected via sata-usb, given that it never stops spinning?
2) Is it possible to access SMART data with this connection?
Thank you.

Answer 1

Regular start-stop is needed for energy saving - that is, it may be needed, not the fact that more energy will not be spent on a regular start than on maintaining a constant rotation speed - depending on the frequency, going to sleep.
For the disk itself - extremely harmful. The number of head parking cycles is limited by the mechanical capabilities, the start of a massive array of disks gives a noticeable load on the engine (in servers, disks often crumble at startup, while 5 minutes before shutdown were alive), when turned off, the disk cools down, it heats up sharply at startup - and temperature vibrations are also harmful to mechanics. In contrast to maintaining a constant rotation speed with approximately constant temperature - greenhouse conditions.
If the PSU does not die along with the disk, then most likely longer than with a constant start-stop.
Depends on the adapter, just experiment.