Why does the video card only work without drivers?

Question

Iron

Hello!
I live in a hostel, all electrical appliances are connected to a single outlet.
Once, when the computer went into sleep mode, the refrigerator turned on - due to a voltage drop, the computer “fell asleep” for a long time and I decided to turn it off with the power button. After this incident, the image from the discrete video card disappeared.
In safe mode, using the integrated graphics. chip and Driver Fusion utility, I removed all Nvidia video drivers.
After a reboot, the image reappeared from the discrete graphics card, but using the drivers from Microsoft - after installing the drivers from Nvidia and restarting the PC, the image disappears again.
Checking the video card through GPU-Z showed that it works in PCI-E 1.1 x4 mode, although it should work in PCI-E 2.0 x16, but this is most likely due to the fact that it is with drivers from Microsoft.
Briefly, there is this:

• Integrated video (GeForce 8200 GT) works under any conditions
  
• Discrete video (GeForce 8600 GT) works ONLY with drivers from Microsoft, there is no image on Nvidia drivers, if you delete the drivers - it appears again
  

Before that ill-fated voltage drop, a PC with this configuration worked fine for almost 8 years.

Answer 1

A video card has a lot of blocks, including…
• Graphics pipelines.
• Video memory.
• RAMDAC and its analogue, which provides a DVI interface.
• Unit for hardware rendering of primitives in 2D (not as fast as graphics pipelines, but accurate to the pixel).
• Compatibility block with VGA and VESA (these are very old standards, but you have to somehow show it, while there are no drivers?)
• PCI-Express interface, which provides interaction between the video card and the bus.
• Power scheme.
Option 1. One or more video conveyors crashed; vidyaha only works in VESA compatibility, where video pipelines are not needed.
Option 2. Part of the memory or its decoder has flown; Microsoft and nVidia drivers keep the video buffer in different places.
Option 3. One of the power converters has flown (a good video camera can have up to 4 of them). Some simplest set of blocks works, but we switch to full acceleration - no.
Option 4. Part of the PCI-Express pins fell off, which is why the new PCI-Express can't fire up the video card.
Real case. The ThinkPad T-series are good laptops, but the T40 is known for its unreliable Radeon Mobility. The chip fell off and only worked in VESA compatibility.

Answer 2

Самое логичное, что может быть - проблема с железом. Явно что-то перегорело. Драйвер заставляет видяху работать в штатном режиме, который, очевидно, не функционирует.

Answer 3

Видяха сдохла.
Драйвера от майкрософт - не используют чип практически никак, можно сказать, он работает в "облегченном режиме". Поэтому, даже с отвалом чипа, без драйверов запускается windows.

Answer 4

More than once it was that when the video card fails and works only in the minimum mode. So most likely you need to buy a new video card and a normal power supply is highly desirable. And if the money allows, then the IPB, I set myself up a few years ago and forgot about the problems with voltage drops.
PS It is highly undesirable to connect a refrigerator and a PC to the same outlet, especially when there is no grounding, there have already been unpleasant cases.