Why can't Grub boot a ntfs partition?

Question

linux

After reorganizing the system, grub refuses to read files from the new ntfs partition.
A clean, official Debian was installed.
On the ntfs partition are the usual windows boot files.
Update-grub refuses to detect windows. Manually adding a Windows item to /boot/grub/grub.cfg gives an error about a missing / corrupted bcd file (although it is also working, I checked it repeatedly).
When trying to manually start Windows from the grub console, I encountered the following: grub detects fs, detects files, but refuses to read them - it says that the files were not found, although the banal ls and "auto-completion" with the TAB key work and determine all files and folders.

sudo blkid
/dev/sda2: LABEL="win" UUID="0C13F28730F2609F" TYPE="ntfs" 
/dev/sda1: UUID="b44b426d-4b9c-40ad-8a84-94c99d75d25b" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/sda3: UUID="112beae4-bcb4-4984-9167-a355f49f4188" TYPE="swap"

sudo gdisk /dev/sda -l
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.5

Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Disk /dev/sda: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): BF7264ED-A1C0-41E3-BA4E-A68B17DE5CC0
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 4077 sectors (2.0 MiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048        40959999   19.5 GiB    0700  
   2        40960000       957227007   436.9 GiB   0700  
   3       957227008       976771071   9.3 GiB     8200

What could be the problem?
UPD: there were some problems on the ntfs disk, fixed them. Now grub can read files from there and boot, but still complains about a malfunction in the bcd file.

Answer 1

Let's start with the fact that your fdisk complains that you are trying to show us -l, and there is GPT and it does not play like that and is not friends with you.

Answer 2

UPD: there were some problems on the ntfs disk, fixed them. Now grub can read files from there and boot, but still complains about a malfunction in the bcd file.