Which microcontroller to buy home?

Question

Arduino

Good afternoon. I want to get into microcontrollers. I know C, basic Asm. In theory, I know the architecture of the MCS-51 family. Advise MK what to buy home. Budget around $100. I need it to study on it, make projects and play while I study at the university (possibly a diploma).
0. Will the bit depth of the data bus play for me?
1. See risk or cisc architecture?
2. Is it better to take a development kit right away?
3. Should I immediately buy a soldering iron and a multimeter?
4. Arduino Uno original is something expensive. How is it different from Chinese replicas?
5. Please leave thematic channels on YouTube

Answer 1

4. The original Arduino Uno differs from the Chinese usually in mikruha for communication with a PC (you will only need to install a driver), USB connectors and other little things that do not affect the work. Functionally they are the same.
3. I don’t know about a soldering iron, but a solderless breadboard (preferably a large one), a multimeter, loose pieces (diodes, resistors, servos, I2C modules, shift registers and other contents of Arduino Kits will be very useful) + a power supply will not be superfluous , more likely.
Moreover, with the prices of China, you can immediately take a mega for ~ 400 - 500 rubles. A logic analyzer
will also be very useful for analyzing what is happening on the legs of your devices.
Maybe wires.
When you get tired of Arduino, you can switch to programming it in C, asm or something else, right on the same board.
As an option, something simple and fast from STM. I'm now playing STM32F103C8T6 (140r) + ST-LINK (190r) . 32-bit computing and the ability to compensate for the curvature of the hands by lifting the frequency up to 72 MHz. :)
Well, or look for DISCOVERY, it initially already has a lot of goodies on the board.
True, there is already less information on STMs than on Arduino. Also from the possible disadvantages of 3.3 V logic. True, there are level converters, quite inexpensive.
If you take Kits, then perhaps something will be superfluous and unnecessary, on the other hand, it is very convenient when you have something to start learning with. At least the same servos, indicators, resistors, etc. rather than realize that I need this and that, but now wait another month for the package.
And with a budget of $100, you can buy almost all of the above on Ali.
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UPD
5.
For arduino, there are video tutorials from Jeremy Bloom on the amp website (like so)
There are also simple projects that will help you master the hardware
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bO_jN0Lpz3Q&list=P...
The last thing used on STM from here:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCG6ukCIfzURcjdq4T...
well, that's a little more
https://www.youtube.com/user/Sappise/playlists

Answer 2

First, play around with Arduino. You can buy a kit with a controller and a bunch of sensors

Answer 3

OFFTOP: As for the oscilloscope - look at oscill.ru for your tasks. I myself have been using this for a long time, it suits 90% for the house