What tools to remove the effects of machine processing?

Question

Images

Recently, there have been many photos after machine processing, neural networks, and so on. All of them have a similarity - a fine grid of dots that strangely merge at different resolutions. Here is an example - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b...
How can I get rid of it in the same Photoshop best of all without losing information?

Answer 1

Arrange?
In GIMP, using Wavelet Decompose, the image is divided into four frequency plans, the two highest frequencies are simply removed (with periods of 1px and 2px). Not perfect, but automatically you'd rather not get anything.