What should be included in the project of an apartment for a smart home?

Question

Do it yourself

I want to determine what things that are critical for further expansion can be done at the very first stage. That is, what wires and how much to throw, so that later it can be used to further expand automation? We are not interested in turnkey solutions, but in more mundane diy options that can be consistently improved.
The main features that I would like to see, depending on the priority:

• Light control (lamps, colored led)
  
• "Continuous Columns"
  
• Controlling some outlets
  
• Temperature/light sensors
  
• Voice control
  

On the basis of what equipment is it better to do this? What software to use? What sensors/relays are commonly used?

Answer 1

Light control (lamps, colored led)

no, pampering, which will get bored in a week. But to devote time to choosing those very ice and think about how to change them - yes

"Continuous Columns"

do you have 200+m2 and divine soundproofing in every room?

Controlling some outlets

make separate machines for light and food for each room. Separately for each device that consumes more than 1 kW

Temperature/light sensors

strongly depends on the type of heating. Need to do to control heating

Voice control

do you have such a strong desire to give away all your secrets to corporations for free for playing despacito? Eat smoothies and forget
A good repair is not a smart home, but a good project and smart selection of components
No voice control will remove a poorly installed double
-glazed window What is really required from an electrically dependent
- the correct location of sockets, wiring, switches, furniture and kitchen
- infrastructure for security and safety
- a good weather station with its reasonable location and the output of the sensor inside the apartment
- tests of various types of lighting - ice-saving, but if you spend a lot of time indoors, it might be worth spending money on another type of lighting
- smart pinout of a 1 (10) -gigabit network
- think about the possibility of laying optical fiber and infrastructure on it

Answer 2

"Continuous speakers" are multi-room acoustics, I guess. If you need not just "to play", but to have stereo in some places or something better, then everything is rather complicated - the sound from neighboring rooms interferes. You will have to read books or hire someone who knows how.
Lay normal cable channels, all the same now you will not take into account all the wishes.
In general, in addition to 220, it would be necessary to scatter a twisted pair cable (or even several pieces) and a low current (or think in advance where to place the power supplies).
In addition to temperature, it would be nice to measure humidity and CO2, it would also be cool to put smoke and leak sensors. Don't forget the microphones for voice control.
If it’s a harsh DIY, then you can take 1-wire sensors , both native Dallas ones and from aliexpress, for about $ 1 per sensor.
In general, it depends on how inclined you are to solder the final devices yourself, or you will buy something ready-made.
With the central brain and software - the biggest problem. There are different projects, but they are either quite raw, and you need to finish a lot yourself, or they cost some strange money.

Answer 3

First of all, do not forget that the "Smart Home" should first of all add comfort, not excluding the usual scenarios. Smartly placed switches are much more convenient than an app on your phone that takes a minute to turn on the light, or voice control that works on the 3rd try.
For DIY smart home, there are so many different modular solutions. For example MegaD . But it is worth thinking 10 times before implementing such ideas.
What will you do if the control module fails in the evening? Urgently in the light of a flashlight to change to a spare?
All basic engineering communications (light, gas, water, electricity, in some cases ventilation) should be able to be used when the house is "completely stupid". So control from the phone, voice or any other way should be just an extension of the basic functionality.
A lot of things that are considered elements of a smart home can be implemented on basic email. components in a well-designed electrical panel.
To design engineering systems at home, with the possibility of automation, first of all, it is necessary to design the engineering systems themselves. For example, for the mains, it is worth considering the use of bistable relaysand pushbutton switches instead of conventional ones. Many of the models have 3 control contacts "enable the circuit", "disable the circuit", "switch the position of the circuit". 1 and 2 options are connected to the automation outputs, and 3 to the wall switch. You can also make a switch for everything at the door, if you connect it to the shutdown output of several relays.
So the answer to your question: you need to lay interfaces. It is necessary to provide enough space for the electrical panel, which will contain most of the components and room for their expansion. It is necessary to correctly design the systems themselves and think over the use cases. And after that, think about whether you want to control your voice, phone, or automatically using some algorithms.