What sensors and wires to lay under the "smart home"?

Question

Cables and wires

In the fall, he completed the construction of the house. In the summer I plan to start interior decoration. I would like to lay the necessary wires in advance before plastering the walls.
In addition to 220 V electricity, I want to run 2-3 twisted pair cables into each room - one for connecting sensors, for powering 3-5 volt devices, etc., the second for an ethernet connection. Of the sensors: temperature, humidity, pressure (?), carbon dioxide, a leak sensor in the kitchen and in the bathroom, light and motion sensors; microphone (separate shielded cable) and speakers; emergency light; something else.
There will be surveillance cameras in places, most likely only on the street.
Another of the wishes to make a ventilation system in each room; solar panels with electricity storage in batteries, emergency electricity (gas generator).
House 2 storey, 120 sq. m. floor and another 60 sq. m. m basement and 40 sq. m garage. All under one roof. The server room will be in the basement. Light, gas and water enter through the basement. There will also be all the "knife switches".
Now questions.
1. Is twisted pair cable suitable for all of the above?
2. What cameras to use: analog or ip? In the case of analog, will it be necessary to provide a separate cable or will it be twisted? I also consider wireless cameras.
3. If you use room lighting control, what else needs to be provided besides 220 V wiring?
4. What else to foresee?
Well, I would very much like to hear advice and warnings from those who have already made a "smart home" for themselves.
Thank you.

Answer 1

Twisted pair is fine in most cases. First, make a sketch of what will be in each room. Instead of 3-5V, it is better to drive 12V through wires, and use small 3 or 5 Volt converters at the end points - this way you will avoid voltage drops at different end points, at the same time you can use it for LED lighting, a TV and other equipment powered by adapters (better for each room has its own 12V power supply - in accordance with the loads of the room), it will also be easier to connect such a system with an emergency system on solar panels (and it is still recommended to do it under 12 V). There are different sensors, for competent data transfer from them, in most cases, you cannot do without a small controller such as Arduino Nano, esp8266, etc. For stationary cottages, I would use RS485 - 2 interface wires +2 for power, Multiple devices can be connected to one RS485 line. You can also put 2 wires in a twisted pair and a 12V load supplying sensors and controllers will perfectly pass through it (I would let the load for 12V actuators into 2x0.5 or 0.75 SHVVP). For analog or IP cameras, there are recommendations on which cable is better to use, use wireless cameras if it is difficult to stretch wires there - they still need a battery. Here's more to think about use wireless cameras if it will be difficult to stretch the wires there - they still need a battery. Here's more to think about use wireless cameras if it will be difficult to stretch the wires there - they still need a battery. Here's more to think aboutIs twisted pair suitable for 12V and 3.3V signals? PS If you are interested, I am ready to participate for a small fee in a more specific consultation/implementation for your smart home!

Answer 2

Tip - hire an office that will do everything for you on a turnkey basis.

Answer 3

Now I am also planning the location of wiring / sensors / devices in the apartment before finishing. Twisted pair is suitable for almost all tasks. In it, two cores can be used to transmit power, it is better to have a 24-36V thread somewhere, and on the spot already convert it to the required 5 or 3.3. For two more, I plan to organize communication between devices and the master device based on RS485, because there is already experience with this protocol. You can lead into each room at the end of the winding, from it already to each device or group of devices.
Video surveillance is only IP, it's time to bury the analogue, the image quality in the same price segment is disgusting.

Answer 4

Now I'm considering the same question, in connection with the construction of the second floor.
So far, I'm leaning towards the idea of ​​installing temperature, air and other sensors related to climate control (Heating, ventilation and air conditioning) via RS482. Since it is possible to control both the heating boiler and the air conditioning unit via RS482.
Additionally, in every room there is something like a Raspberi Pi with a 5-7 inch touch screen, on the basis of which there will already be goodies like multi-room, voice control and a smart home control interface.
For video surveillance, both analog and digital, twisted pair is quite suitable (at work, many analog cameras are already installed over twisted pair, and they work), so the choice of cameras can be postponed.