What is the theory of building a video surveillance system?

Question

CCTV

1) What input data is needed?
2) How to select cameras for these inputs?
3) How to choose a video server for these cameras?
4) What properties should the software have (server and on the operator's workstation)?
5) Organization of the workplace of the system operator?
Formulas for calculation, your observations, description of real projects are welcome.

Answer 1

1) We need the following Initial data:
- We need a plan of the area or a plan of the premises.
- We need the wishes of the customer, such as "to rent a warehouse so that it is clear which employee is leaving (person recognition)", "be sure to film the entrance so that frames can be used for identification" (person identification)
- You need to know the approximate budget restrictions.
2) How to plan a video surveillance system:
For planning, you can, of course, take paper and a pencil and draw triangles of view areas on it, but it is better to use this program for designing video surveillance .
An approximate procedure for using the program is as follows:
1. A plan of the area or a plan of premises is loaded into the program. Available as JPEG, PDF or AutoCAD.
2. Obstacles are placed on the plan - walls, fences, trees, furniture.
3. Cameras are added to the program. As a starting point, you can start by adding 640x480 standard definition cameras in the most obvious places: at the entrance, in the warehouse, in the corridors.
For the camera, you need to set the distance at which it is interesting to conduct video surveillance and the installation height.
4. The program immediately shows the view areas of the cameras and the width of the view area at a given distance. When you change these parameters, the program calculates the focal length of the lens. The most important thing is that the program calculates the pixel density in the viewing area and shows with colors the areas where people can be recognized by the operator (yellow areas), or areas where the images are suitable for a poster "they are wanted by the police" (red areas).
5. By changing the width of the view area and the resolution of the cameras, the optimal locations for the cameras are selected. Here you also need to take into account the potential vulnerability of cameras in case of vandalism and the convenience of cabling.
Here is a detailed article with pictures about designing video surveillance with this tool.
I must say that you can try to use the demo version of the program to start creating a project. But the demo version opens previously saved projects only in "Read-only" mode.
It is also advisable to buy a book for example CCTV by Vlado Damianovski. It is also found in electronic form.
3) Selecting a video server.
Here you need to decide either to install a DVR / NVR or a computer with software.
The computer has more functions. The DVR is easier to start and start using.
4) Functions of software for video recording:
Basic:
- motion detector (so as not to record when nothing is moving)
- recording in a circle (everyone can do it).
The rest you need to look at what you need:
- license plate recognition
- advanced search in video archives (video analytics)
- integration with used security, fire alarm and access control systems.
- cunning motion detection functions (crossing the line, or moving against the flow) to attract the attention of the operator.
There are many video surveillance software manufacturers in Russia: ITV, ISS, DSSL, Speclab(Goal), Macroscop, Vocord, CVS-NT.
You have to look and choose what you like. It is convenient to do this at exhibitions. Soon there will be a St. Petersburg exhibition on safety. And in November All-over-ip.
5) Depends on the number of cameras. As a rule, care should be taken that the image on the operator's screen is not too small. And do not skimp on the size of the displays. There are video cards for 4 video outputs to connect four 24-28 "Full-HD monitors at once.

Answer 2

Look here it all depends on the wishes and the budget.
For example, you can set up video surveillance based on analog cameras (I try to avoid them) for 20 cameras inside one building, viewing the surrounding area at a distance of 20-30 meters in the daytime and at night, store 10-15 days of motion detection video and have 1 operator (for example, a security guard in a store), and will fit in 150-200 tr
. And you can do the same but on the basis of IP video surveillance within 300-500 thousand rubles, get the most beautiful picture to store 30 days of video in 24 hours 7 days a week , have 2-3 operators, allocate remote viewing for the director.
And you can do the same on the basis of IP, but for 900-1500 thousand rubles, get the most out of the system, equate it with the anti-terrorist protection system, integrate it with the ACS, BOLID systems. Open doors not using a map, but using a face recognition system, open a barrier at a checkpoint using a number recognition system, integrate video surveillance at all your offices, divisions, etc., into a single information system.
What exactly do you want to do?

Answer 3

1 you need to see the customer's TOR.
2 need a plan of the object and go around it at least once.
3 know the budget of the future Wishlist
4 after that you already need to offer, basic (mandatory) and additional.
the main thing is the perimeter, passages, stairs.
additional it is already Wishlist to see car numbers, PTZ, individual details for clarity, integration of access control systems, remote access and everything else.
To build, you need to calculate the load on the PSU and UPS based on the voracity of the cameras (there are street cameras with heating, rotary), cable stretching, voltage drop on the cameras, interference and interference. Where it is possible and where it is impossible to drill / hollow walls, know the passages through the walls / floors. The temperature of the installation room, the amount of light entering and the distance from the tracking object to the camera to select the lens.
and this is all just the beginning, the campaign of work usually something else comes up.
You just asked the guys, but teach me how to do this business, I want to cut the dough, but there is no time to unlearn. The question is too broadly posed, you can write a dissertation on the topic "How to calculate the possible Wishlist of the customer, build and hand over an object to someone who does not know what he wants."