What is a static site generator and CMS for it?

Question

CMS

I am a designer, including UI/UX. In this regard, I began to study html, css, js, a little pyhton.
I want to create a website: industry news, my portfolio, articles, lessons, etc. (few articles in their own language).
On the "toaster" they advised either Jekyll, Hugo, Middleman or MODX (CMS). I didn’t understand modx, besides, they said that the GSS is reliable due to the lack of a database.
Already started learning jekyll, and netify site caught my eye...
Could you explain in a few lines: What is the difference between a stat generator. sites and CMS. What is a CMS for static sites and how to use it with a Jeykyll site?
Thank you!

Answer 1

When the Internet was invented in 1991-1993, websites were just folders with files.
Actually, there were folders with files long before Tim Berners-Lee, but he came up with a rather convenient way to connect them with links.
It wasn't long before some sites decided that it was more convenient for them not to serve a static file, but to intercept the request and generate a response on the fly. Over time, their number has grown, and now the majority produces "dynamic" pages.
But the ability to arrange ready-made files into folders has not disappeared anywhere, and those same generators make it easier to create such sites.
Pros: serving static causes minimal load on the server and is easy to parallelize.
Cons: it is impossible to make any "personal account", "customize the feed" and the like. (But it is possible in a combined site, where some of the pages are static, and some are dynamic).

Answer 2

Dynamic sites give html as a result of some program, convenient for complex sites
Static is just html pages - it works fast
Cms is necessary for the 1st and maybe for the second if there is a generator in this cms cms with a generator for one-pagers I write).
In this case, there may be software that generates static like adobe muse. The strangest choice. It gives the feeling that you can just do anything, but only at first glance, in fact, it clings to a bunch of restrictions and gives a terrible output code.
If you want a website with
it is better to make a dynamic site. Based on the finished cms or write your own. There are frameworks for python that will help with this.
a very strange proposal, but you can link to a question with advice. I want to see the person who advised you. Or to your question, which is most likely fundamentally different from what you described here. For a portfolio - static is the very thing and what you were advised is great. For everything else, no.