What is a "phishing link" and how to protect yourself from it?

Question

Browsers

According to this link, they say that using a phishing link you can get access to the password, logins, card numbers, passport data. And that they found out the location of the office using a phishing link
. The video says that when you click on the link, the location is displayed in the code as coordinates . It's true? Or can they find out the maximum ip? And then after recognizing the ip, you can only find out the city or, after contacting the provider, the address to whom it belongs. But it's kind of strange to find out from a link
How to recognize a phishing link and protect yourself from this?