What high-reliability technologies are currently used in defense/industrial enterprises?

Question

Microcontrollers

Isn't everyone still writing in frama-c or the Ada dialect?
I want to roll into this industry, but it is not clear which technologies to give priority to.
What are super-reliable software programs used in the defense industry? Robotic manipulators in industrial plants?

Answer 1

I won’t say for defense, I don’t know. And in industrial enterprises, everything is very simple. In the world of controllers, only one programming language dominates - C!
With regard to robots and industrial automation systems, block programming in one of the IEC / IEC languages ​​such as 61131, 61499 and tede is very often used. All this is interpreted in interpreters on the controller side and developed in some kind of SCADA. Interpreters are often written in C too, sometimes C++ :)
All embedded operating systems and real-time systems are also written in C, sometimes in C++.
And for everything to work reliably, it is desirable that the company is certified for CMMI or ISO 11540 or ISO 33001 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504
Often, if resources allow the system, develop in Java or Net. Sometimes all sorts of Pascal, but this is very very rare.
I have never met any special languages ​​like forth, because there are simply no specialists!
They also do not develop on lisp, because the same trouble - specialists!
Everyone knows C - they fool around with him. Even C++ is rarely used!

Answer 2

There is an old way - duplication (up to 4 copies) of components: processors, power supplies, communication networks.