What are the reasons for being blacklisted?

Question

gmail

Hello. Can you tell me what are the reasons for getting a domain, ip into black lists?
I'm trying to set up my smtp server. I bought a server, a domain. While setting up / testing all sorts of dkim, spf, etc. there. sent letters to myself on gmail mail for verification. After that, ip and domain got into SORBS-SPAM, Spamhaus ZEN. I didn't even get to post anything. Now all gmail emails go to spam. Can someone tell me (or give a link) by what criteria ip and domains are added to black lists. Thank you.

Answer 1

added for spam
you didn't have time to send, but others did
(see open relay)