What are controllable light switches for a smart home?

Question

Automation

Good day and Happy New Year, dear All.
Please tell me the direction of digging on the following issue:
I am doing repairs in an apartment, I want to lay a "foundation" for the future construction of a smart home. Requests are still quite small, I want to make light control (optionally with dimming) from a certain controller in order to screw radio remote controls, scheduled shutdowns, motion sensors and so on in the future.
At the moment, I limited myself to having the builders lay a twisted pair cable to each proposed light switch. Now I want to find nice-looking switches, which in the future can be commanded using a conditionally arbitrary protocol from a certain controller - “turn on”, “turn off”, and if you can also request the state, then this will be a squeak at all. I am ready to consider anything as a controller - a raspberry, for example.
At the same time, the system must be able to work, including in the event of a failure, i.e. the switch should work in the usual way.
I searched until I found something similar with Jung, but there are very few materials and it is poorly understood how it is done in reality.
Maybe someone can suggest manufacturers/models and next steps?

Answer 1

For light control, I recommend looking towards pulse (bistable) relays and dimmers of a similar design.
In this case, you put all the power wires from the loads into the shield, from the switches into the shield, put thin signal wires (even a twisted pair), and switch in the shield. On one load, you can hang as many switches connected in parallel as you like. The main switch should not be taken as a classic toggle switch, but as a bell switch (which is not fixed in the selected position).
This design allows you to control the light without any smart home servers, and at the same time, you can programmatically close contacts on any convenient board, emulating a switch.
PS Pulse relays differ in the number of signal inputs. It has at least 2 inputs through which the state inversion signal goes, but there are models where there are contacts "turn on all loads" and "turn off all loads". Such relays are easier to control programmatically. no need to monitor the current state of the load.

Answer 2

Xiaomi AQARA Wall Switch. Replaced the usual, satisfied. Standalone thing, certain versions of the gateway can be externally integrated

Answer 3

Jung has nothing to do with it, study KNX. If cheaper, then the Chinese HDL network. But these are pure microprocessors, these networks are simply distributed (the failure of one node does not affect the others).
There are a couple of features here.
1) The above networks (and LON) are usually not programmed, but parameterized. More programming options for PLCs.
2) Dimming is not possible for all types of lamps. If interested, you can read about the DALI light protocol (there are electronic ballasts for lamps and controllers with these interfaces, both for PLCs and KNX). There is an electronic ballast for a 0..10V signal, but you can also pull power from dimmers.