USB Flash: why is NTFS an order of magnitude slower than FAT32?

Question

USB flash drives

Given: flash drive Silicon Power Blaze B03 64 Gb (USB 3.2 Gen 1), formatted in FAT32 - writing is fast. I format it in NTFS - the recording goes with speed like on a floppy disk. During the experiments, the flash drive is always plugged into the same USB 3.2 Gen 1 port. Another USB 3.0 flash drive is plugged into it, which is five years old already, and it has no problems with speed in NTFS, it is even higher than that of a problematic flash drive in FAT32 . As an experiment, I stuck a problematic USB flash drive into the USB 3.2 connector on the mother (without cables) - the result is the same. Formatted in Windows with default settings and in AOMEI Partition Assistant - the result is unchanged.
Question to connoisseurs: where did the dog rummage?
FAT32:

NTFS:

exFAT:

Answer 1

In general, all sources say that ntfs should be faster than fat32.
I recommend using another benchmark, such as ATTO. And on a larger volume than 1 GB, which can be stupidly cached.
Secondly, the OS version should be indicated, because CrystalMark uses a Windows disk speed, and in general CrystalMark 6 and CrystalMark 8 contradict each other, so I would not focus purely on them.
Testing the speed of storage today is very difficult. These caches in the OS, caches in the controller, interfaces and support for various features such as queues...