Thumbnails of pictures in Explorer are not displayed and the pictures themselves do not open, although Photoshop opens normally?

Question

Windows

I don’t even know what tags to put in the question, I accept the amendments.
The problem is observed in many folders on the hard drive.

For the time being, everything was in order, I looked through the pictures in folders and opened them with a standard viewer.
I'm not sure when exactly this appeared, but I noticed only now (I don't really wander around the hard drive, most of the time I sit in the same folder of the current project or in the folder with movies and series). Yesterday I did defragmentation and optimization through the Auslogics BoostSpeed ​​program, but I have been using this program for a very, very long time without any problems.
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From time to time I accidentally touch the computer case with either a carpet or a foot, but gently. In general, I don’t know in which direction to think, what would you advise?
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Yesterday I installed an update for Windows for the first time in my life at all (as I install Windows, I immediately turn off updates from it) - KB 2670838, this was required by the new Affinity Designer program.
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Now I checked the disk for errors through the same Auslogics - there are no errors (normal check, not the surface of the disks)
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export JPEG from InDesign and Illustrator - the pictures are immediately "broken". PNGs work fine.
PS: if you open a "broken" picture through Photoshop or regular paint and save it, the picture becomes normal. InDesign and Illustrator understand "broken" pictures, but they cannot save them properly in the original JPEG format.

Answer 1

In the Photoshop preview, do you have an image in CMYK mode, if converted to RGB, does it open with a standard viewer? In general, if you need to work with different color spaces and profiles, it is better to use something more advanced, for example, Adobe Bridge or XnView.