SEO: how to redirect the user to the localized version of the site?

Question

Search Engine Optimization

Hello! Let's talk about the correct redirect of users to the localized version of the site, which we have:

• En version in root(/), Ru(and others) in subfolders /ru/
  
• We determine the language of the user's browser and redirect if he entered the wrong language, set the cookie with the selected language, give the user the opportunity to change the language by switching to the desired version with the ?lang=set parameter, the cookie is updated
  
• The automatic redirect for internal pages was immediately abandoned, because. in this case, the user usually gets to the version in the language he needs
  

Everything in this scheme is good, except for working with search bots, they do not take into account the cookie, and in an attempt to switch to the localized version they get a redirect back to English, how to solve this problem? Are there any official guidelines from Google on this topic? A few offhand solutions:

• Checking bots by user-agent (cloaking) and not doing a redirect can negatively affect the entire SEO optimization of the site
  
• Refuse the redirect, at the first visit of the user, offer to select a language for him by showing a popover - a somewhat dubious and annoying decision
  

What other options are there?

Answer 1

In my opinion
"Abandoning the redirect, prompting the user to select a language on the first visit by showing a popover - a somewhat dubious and annoying decision"
Still, most sites are focused on an audience with one language, and the rest just in case.
It is possible not to offer a pop-up with a choice of language. Let it go to the English version by default, and put the choice of language in the header, for example, in the form of checkboxes.

Answer 2

do without cookies