Practical recommendations for SEO: how to protect the site from search bots?

Question

Search Engine Optimization

Hey! I recently became interested in SEO, and it turned out that sometimes there is a need to close the site from search bots - for one reason or another. For now, I'm using the method I found on the pixelplus resource.
The method is to create a robots.txt text file in the root of the site and write the following lines in it:

User-agent: *
Disallow: /

The question is - what other effective methods can be used? In particular, how to hide pictures from indexing?

Answer 1

<meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow"/>

Answer 2

The most effective is to keep the site on ip 127.0.0.1