Perhaps a stupid question. But how do precise calculators do when there are limits on the range of data types (int, doble, etc.)?

Question

Programming

Let's say I need to perform actions with a 40-digit number. how to do it? Do you think the question is clear?

Answer 1

How can you add, subtract, multiply, divide with numbers of any length on a piece of paper "in a column"?
Exactly the same here. More precisely, there are two options here - use some library to work with giant numbers with giant accuracy, or write your own. Depending on tastes and preferences - up to the implementation of a sort of complete model of a "computing machine".
Naturally, this is not counting the techniques that are used in calculations on a slide rule.

Answer 2

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BB%D0%B8%D...

Answer 3

There are libraries for working with large numbers (bigdigits.c) that store numbers in multibyte arrays.
Restrictions on data types, and the data types themselves, are introduced by the specification of the programming language.