Loops in nodejs, how to implement correctly?

Question

Node.js

How to properly implement cycles in nodejs, when is it better to use promise, callback, closures, and async?
And is this form of executing sequential functions through promises correct?
Example

getData1(data)
    .then(getData2(data)
        .then(getData3(data)
            .then(...)
        )
    )

Answer 1

The question is not entirely clear.
If you are making an asynchronous call, you are using a promise. If not, don't use it.
Your example with sequential operations is also incorrectly written. It would be more correct like this:

getData1()
  .then(data => {
    return getData2(data);
  })
  .then(data => {
    return getData3(data)
  })

Answer 2

let data = await getData1()
data = await getData2(data)
data = await getData3(data)