Internet problem on your computer?

Question

Computers

Welcome all.
Recently, a problem has appeared, its essence is this - the Internet on a computer (laptop, to be more precise) I use a mobile one. That is, I connect the smartphone with a cable in modem mode or distribute it via Wi-Fi.
Recently, when I tried to connect to the Internet again, I could not log in. Connection is created, but nothing is loaded. Nothing but Google. And in order for a full-fledged Internet to appear, you need to connect a second device to your smartphone and from it, for example, load a page in a browser.
That is, the sequence of actions is as follows:
1) I connect the smartphone to the computer with a cable in modem mode / distribute via Wi-Fi - everything is fine, the network indicator appears in the lower right corner of Windows;
2) I try to load something - nothing is loaded, except for the Google search engine;
3) I connect a second device to my smartphone (I create an access point if the PC is connected via cable) - nothing changes, only Google is loaded on the PC;
4) As soon as he performed some action on the second smartphone (refreshed the page in the browser, for example, or opened the messenger) - a normal Internet appears on the PC. Even the browser itself automatically loads the page if there was a stub about problems with the network before.

The problem is in the PC - I tried different devices from which I distributed the Internet. Everywhere the algorithm is the same.
This problem didn't exist before. I haven't installed anything on my PC.

What can be wrong?