How to undock programs on Mac that don't have open documents?

Question

macOS

Moved to Mac from Windows. It is not clear why some programs remain in the dock (preview, word, excel, etc.). What's the point of being there if, for example, by clicking on Preview, the same Finder pops up for me, only less functional?
Maybe I don't understand something?

Answer 1

The Mac separates the concepts of windows and programs. That is, the program may be running, but it may not have windows. For example, you opened two Word documents, closed both, there are no windows left, but the Word will still be launched. You need to either press Word -> exit through the main menu, or ⌘ + Q.
This is done so that you can close the application, while saving all open documents and window layout the next time you open this program. This behavior is disabled in settings -> general.
Remember - close the window / document - ⌘ + W, close the application without closing documents - ⌘ + Q.

Answer 2

Don't bother, get used to it, because this is cool.
There is always a solution to the edge, for example: www.carsten-mielke.com/redquits.html

Answer 3

On Windows, the listed applications can also be opened without any documents (MDI), while Apple's entire OS is built like MDI, and most importantly, there are not only open applications in the dock-panel, there are simply "shortcuts", just like in the Windows taskbar there are also a quick launch bar, with "shortcuts".