How to start understanding programming?! (Python, Pascal)?

Question

IT education

I’m in the 11th grade, I want to remember what is generally written in the code and how to read it so that I can understand it, I recently sat on the EGE solve, I couldn’t understand how the simplest code in 9 lines works to find effective numbers in the binary number system. Only through the debugger something more or less became clear, I use PyCharm, it helps a lot. Plus or minus I understand simple codes, but still something is missing.
So here's what I'm all about, maybe you can recommend some books, maybe something else. Your answer will help both me and newcomers to this site, thanks in advance.

Answer 1

Like everything else - constant practice.
You go to the institute, do all the tasks in a certain language from the very beginning (the teachers will go to a meeting, they will allow you to write in their own language, and not in the studied one, if there are such subjects)