How to start programming seriously?

Question

Programming

For many years I have been writing on wordpress with an understanding of what's what, css, js, php, mysql and everything connected with it. I want to move to a higher level in programming, I think, something like C ++ or Java. I wander on the Internet, there are many opinions and it is not clear what is what.
Question: what language is better to learn in order to understand how it works in terms of code and serious programs (not C grade sites)? Those. the essence is not even in learning a certain language, its choice is not as important as I understand it, but in understanding the essence of programming. It is very important that the documentation and materials be in Russian, English is still rather weak for technical reading (but work is in progress).
Maybe there will be one less bydlocoder, thanks!

Answer 1

Let's just say that it's not the language that is being studied, the technology is being studied, something like "Writing graphical applications in Qt / C ++" or "Writing firmware for microcontrollers in C". From the language itself, you will have to know the syntax (however, you already know the syntax in general terms) and the behavior of the language - that is, its standard - what the compiler turns letters into, what you cannot write in this language, and so on ....
At the stage of primary getting to know the language, you may need a mentor who will poke you into mistakes, bad practices and other dirty tricks. Instead of a mentor, you can use one of the books, like Golub's "Rope of Sufficient Length", but this is more difficult.
The best way to learn quickly is to solve practical problems. It is very good if you are able to set such tasks for yourself.
As the first practical tasks, you can take the classics of programming - independently write the implementation of classical algorithms and data structures.
Further - different options - you can take tasks from different areas (today we solve diffuses numerically, tomorrow we organize a search in ten gigabytes per second, the day after tomorrow we draw three-dimensional images on a microcontroller) and solve, solve, solve. This will allow you to get acquainted in general terms with different areas of writing programs and choose the most convenient one.
I gave the option "a long and thorny path", there are shorter ones, but less interesting, of course.

Answer 2

You can learn Python on this site: aliev.me/runestone
Algorithms, data structures, stuff

Answer 3

Raise salary requirements, start insisting on interviews in large companies for expensive positions and good positions, go around, they explain to you why you are not suitable, learn the gaps, go again.

Answer 4

learn the pros, everything is there. dofig textbooks

Answer 5

C++ is harder to learn, but allows you to get a deeper understanding of how the program works. The relevance of java and C++ is equally high. C++ is high performance applications, gamedev. Server software, Enterprise software, is often written in Java.
Learning the syntax of the language is 10%. I can recommend the book Philosophy of C++ . Almost immediately it is worth learning what is called "algorithms and data structures". Books: Kormen, Knut.
It is desirable to write as much code as possible.

Answer 6

I have been writing on wordpress for many years with an understanding of what's what

Sorry, but "higher level programming" is anything more than working with a CMS. You can also do DSP in PHP. A lot of things can be done in PHP. And on top you can also add Golang and C ++ (useful for highly loaded projects), pee a little in Python and Ruby to broaden your horizons ... but this does not mean that you should abandon PHP. Just don't get hung up on the programming language.

Answer 7

I would ideally learn C++ + Qt. and then the transition to another with ease, if life forces