How to run a fan through Arduino?

Question

Arduino

I'm starting to learn Arduino. Now the task is this. Start the fan (PV122512L, DC12V, 0.20A) from a regular computer power supply. Actually not the point. In general, the IRF540 transistor has an N-channel. I collected everything on the breadboard. And then the problems began: the transistor began to pass 12V only when 5V was supplied from the arduino (not from digital or analog, but from the 5-volt output). The land is shared. The assembly used only arduino, power supply, fan and transistor. What am I doing wrong or what am I missing?

Answer 1

the question is that the campaign is not on the Duina, but on the transistor. setting duins 5V on the leg is simple - write HIGH there.
Did you forget the current limiting resistor? Duina is alive after such bullying?

Answer 2

it's a fielder! it cannot be connected directly to the leg of the controller, a second transistor is needed.
easyelectronics.ru/upravlenie-moshhnoj-nagruzkoj-p...

Answer 3

And how do you apply 5V to the transistor through a digital output? Show the code.

Answer 4

Perhaps there is not enough load capacity of the output: the current starts to flow through the leg too much ...

Answer 5

Do they have a common ground (arduino + power supply)? Maybe you send the transistor 5V relative to who knows what?
Try, for starters, to turn on a diode with a resistor from the arduino itself through the same transistor and blink it to check the transistor itself, and then look for problems depending on the result.
A photo would be + code.