How to properly organize access or user rights in debian?

Question

Debian

Good day. I recently started learning debian 7. So I logged in as root and I can do everything. Assign rights to folders and more. But I create another user, and he simply cannot copy files to the necessary folders. And I can’t formulate the request correctly for Google) So, how should I do it right? Ie, for example, I create a user. He needs to be given "almost" root rights. For example, so that he can upload files via sftp to the desired folder, go to a certain screen, restart it, and so on.
Thanks in advance

Answer 1

sudo

Answer 2

Here I went as root and I can do everything.

Never log in as root, except for short-term activities that require only root privileges.
Never log into a graphical environment as root.
Create one or more users (yourself).
Work on behalf of these users. Don't mess around with the rights and don't bother with the rights (at least the first 2 years in Linux). Work with default rights - they are designed for you at their best.

Answer 3

wiki -> chmod
wiki -> chown