How to properly configure .htaccess/httpd.conf?

Question

PHP

Based on this article, I first cleaned the poppy (reinstalled everything from all sorts of mumps), then installed php 5.4 and mysql, everything would be fine, but there is not enough knowledge how to give scripts the right to read, change, delete files.
The template engine swears something like this:

Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'RuntimeException' with message 'Unable to write in the cache directory (system/templates/compiled//90/47).' in /*/system/core/views/Twig/Environment.php on line 1194

Answer 1

One and Two