How to overload metamethods in JS?

Question

JavaScript

In Lua, objects have metatables that contain metamethods - functions called when working with objects, in fact, these are object methods, for example, adding a new element to an array, these metamethods can be overloaded ... It is interesting that there are metamethods that are not called only when a method or property of an object is explicitly called, but also with some other events, such as object initialization, access to an array element, etc... In JS, I need to catch the moment when a value is added to the array, not only through the method (s)

var arr = [];
arr.push("string");

but also with a syntactic construction:

var arr = [];
arr[1] = "string";

Tell me how you can catch and overload methods on objects in JS?

Answer 1

Proxy - this is so that you can process

arr[1] = "string"

You make a set trap - there are examples on the link.

catch and overload methods

You can replace the old method with a new one, inside which there will be a call to the old one (if necessary) + some other code of yours.
Or, as is customary in more traditional languages, you make the class an heir, where you override what you need.