How to make a simple backup of a debian 8 system?

Question

Debian

I am a debian system user, recently upgraded to version 8. Actually, the transition was sudden, because out of inexperience, I messed around with packages (oh, how easy it is to kill the system with root) and I got everything that was possible. I still can’t restore it manually, it takes a long and tedious task to solve package dependencies.
I went through a lot of articles on backups, but they turned out to be either for very experienced users or outdated garbage.
My first successful attempt to make a backup using this article: root-inform.blogspot.com/2011/09/linux_7478.html
But, but when I was fully installed and configured, this method no longer suits me, as it knocks out an error (the file is too large , more than 4 GB).
Please tell me how easy it is to make system backups of about 50 GB (the place does not matter), uploading to the cloud is not interested, a regular backup and deploying the system to a USB flash drive and back?

Answer 1

the file is too big, more than 4 GB

Do not use debility FS, there will be no such error.
The simplest way . It works just as well for Debian as it does for any other distribution.

Answer 2

Everything is the same, but instead of dd we will use tar
tar --one-file-system -czf - / | split --bytes=2000MB - /mnt/sda1.backup.tar.gz.
Reverse operation
cat /mnt/sda1.backup.tar.gz.* | tar -C / -xpz
Well, most likely you have FAT on the flash drive, which does not support large files.