How to learn to think quickly and solve such problems?

Question

IT education

Hello. I set myself a goal by May 2016 to learn how to quickly solve problems that are usually given when applying for a job. As you all know, they give about 20-30 tasks for a while. In my case, there will be 18 problems that need to be solved in 16 minutes. This is complicated by the fact that in English. Tell me, please, how can you quickly learn how to solve such problems like from SHL or else I heard they give GMAT. Are there books or resources for this?
I have attached two screenshots with sample problems - but usually they are more difficult. There are many tasks to increase or decrease interest, to estimate how much the product will cost in the future. In general, many of you will find these tasks easy, but I have always had problems with arithmetic.
Thank you.

spoiler

Answer 1

which are usually given when applying for a job.

You automatically lost at the stage of setting the task.
Take and solve problems. Lots of task. Several every day. And so on until you learn.

Answer 2

As you all know, they give about 20-30 tasks for a while

We don’t know this, where do they do it? :) I got a job - there was nothing like that :)

Answer 3

When I was at school, I participated in computer science olympiads. The Olympiad consisted of two rounds, the first - testing 50 questions for 1 point, and the second - programming, 5 questions for 10 points.
So, in order to get into the second round, it was necessary to score at least 25 points in the first.
The problem of testing was that among the questions there were about 20 questions on the history of computer science, and sometimes there were truly "brilliant" questions, such as in such and such a year a rocket did not take off due to an error in the program code of the fuel control module, what was the name of the grandmother's cat module developer? Well, such nonsense didn’t want to fit in my head in any way ...
The remaining 30 questions were on number systems, mostly examples like FCD(16)*3456(8)=?(2)
For everything about everything, testing was given either an hour or an hour and a half. And the way out for me was to bring calculations in different number systems to automatism.
The problem came from where they didn’t expect:
1) There weren’t enough questions to train properly (a couple of crumpled, filthy and hackneyed leaves from year to year don’t count)
2) There were no people who wanted to check what I decided there ... And check myself often fraught ...
In general, I had no choice but to write a program in Pascal, and screw it up. After two or three weeks of practice, I started clicking examples up to a thousand almost in my mind. Of course, every time I went to the second round, completely hammering the bolt on memorizing stupid questions on the history of computer science ...
PS: I'm good with the history of computer science in general, but I'm not good with stupid questions like the one I gave above.

Answer 4

a lot of thinking and a lot of solving such problems. no other way :)

Answer 5

Bad target. Even for getting a job. Understand what the skills that are tested by these puzzles are for. And here's what you're doing it for.
Then even not a quick and incorrect solution of problems will be forgiven for you at the interview.

Answer 6

How to learn to do something?
You have to take it and do it.