How to install Windows Active Directory?

Question

Active Directory

Hello!
I decided to get a closer look at what kind of beast Active Diretory is. I installed Windows Server 2019, found the installation instructions, did everything as it was, but I can’t connect, writes that
I also tried it from scratch at work, installed the server, set everything up, but after installing DHCP, he swore that the network already had DHCP (this router handed out) and even after disconnecting on the router DHCP still does not connect "could not find the specified domain." At home I didn’t connect at all, but at work I asked for a password but didn’t go further.
IP registered manually, PCs are connected directly and respond.
I have a couple of questions:
1) In order for AD to work, is it necessary to set DNS and DHCP on the server
2) Is it possible to configure everything so that the network is unified through a router that distributes the Internet and DHCP
I don't know what I'm missing, it seems to work. Help, plz!

Answer 1

1) It is possible, but not necessary (unless, of course, the router can log in to DNS and add records). It is better when the controller knows everything about its clients, and the router is a hole in the Internet.
2) see item 1.
PS. Was there a picture after the first part?
In general, in short:
1. Install a Server with a domain controller (AD)
2. Set up a network on the client, write the CD address (AD) as a DNS server 3. Join the domain using
OS tools or the netdom join command. The condition is only one OS must be PRO or Enterprise level.

Answer 2

My router acts as a dhcp.
DNS is also a router, but with a redirected zone on the CD

Answer 3

To "find out what kind of beast" you need to learn at least the basics of networking and network services (such as DHCP and DNS), master the principles of system administration of server versions of Windows and read the documentation on domains and Active Directory. And then try to put something.

Answer 4

DNS - mandatory, DHCP - optional
The main thing is understanding why it is needed and how it works. Where to get it? Literature to read thematic.