How to get the most out of your laptop battery life?

Question

laptops

Good day to all. Not a gaming laptop is available, but powerful enough for study and most casual tasks (notebook specifications are described below). In December, I pulled out a DVD drive (SATA II) from it, installed an HDD in its place using a sled, and installed an SSD in the previous place of the HDD (SATA III). Everything works smartly, there are no complaints about performance. But here's what raises questions: not very high battery life on a single battery charge. Under Windows 10, with the keyboard backlight turned off, screen brightness ~ 60%, playing YouTube videos at 720p (30 fps) over WiFi via Microsoft Edge, with Skype, TeamViewer, EverNote, AdGuard running in the background, various services, it is able to hold out ~4 hours or more. Under a clean, freshly installed Ubuntu 15.10, with no extra apps hanging in the background, in the same scenario as with a standard browser, with Firefox, with Chromium, with TLP, with Laptop-mode-tools, it lasts ~ 3 hours. I suspect that PowerTop is not much able to fix things. How can you achieve maximum energy efficiency? It doesn't matter on which system - Windows or Ubuntu, or another Linux distribution, or even Hackintosh, the task is the same - to achieve maximum energy efficiency.
ASUS Q500A
Windows 10 x64, Ubuntu 15.10 x64.
Screen: 15.6" (1366x768), LED, glossy, non-touch.
Chipset: Intel HM76
CPU: Intel Core i5 3230M (2\4x2.6 Ghz)
GPU: Intel HD Graphics 4000
RAM: 8 Gb (DIMM1: SK Hynix HMT351S6CFR8C-PB 4GB 800MHz, DIMM3: Samsung M471B5273DH0-CH9 4GB 667MHz 9-9-9-24)
SSD: Samsung 850 Pro 256GB GPT (GUID Partition Table)
HDD: 750 Gb Hitachi HTS547575A9E384 GPT (GUID Partition Table)
BIOS: 208 , UEFI+SecureBoot
WiFi+Bluetooth: Intel Centrino(R) Wireless-N 2230
Audio: Realtek ALC269
Ethernet: Realtek RTL8168
WebCamera: Asus (USB\VID_1BCF&PID_2883&REV_0429&MI_00)
SD Card Reader: available (didn't find information)
Update: Both operating systems, Windows 10 and Ubuntu 15.10 are installed on SSD. Ubuntu 15.10 is installed on a partition formatted f2fs instead of ext4 (according to many people, it is more suitable for use in SSD), Boot partition is formatted ext2. Both OS installed with SecureBoot and UEFI.

Answer 1

Asus like in mothers have energy-saving technology. turn it on. lower the frequencies in the bios for everything (as I understand it, performance is not a priority after all)
instead of ubuntu, put a lubuntu thread in general. well and still to rummage in bios. by default, it seems that the mode of careful use of the battery is always set, when it is charged by 80% only (so longer service life), but you can turn it off and it will work 100%

Answer 2

Analyze the frequency of access to the HDD and in the Windows power settings set the appropriate time for the disk to go to sleep. Once you are on Wi-Fi, then turn off the LAN. But do not expect miracles, this is not a tablet.

Answer 3

I am using TuneUp Utilities. There you can configure the power saving mode and launch it with one click. If this is not enough, then buy an extra battery.