How to get a list of applications on an android smartphone in windows?

Question

Android

How do different android managers get information about a smartphone (list of applications, sms, contacts)? Through adb or there is another mechanism. I would like to see an example (programming language does not matter) or see articles (can be in English). Thank you.

Answer 1

SMS: data/data/com.android.providers.telephony/databases/mmssms.db
Contacts: data/data/com.android.providers.contacts/databases/contacts.db
All this is SQLite3
About applications - I suspect that folders are analyzed: /data/app/ , /system/app/