How to freely use works for educational purposes (Many questions)?

Question

Law in IT

Good day. Sites that provide an opportunity to study TV series/movies languages ​​refer to 1274 st. Civil Code of the Russian Federation, that they say everything is legal (they do not indicate the clause, but apparently they mean clause 1, clause 2)
We look:

ARTICLE 1274. FREE USE OF A WORK FOR INFORMATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC, EDUCATIONAL OR CULTURAL PURPOSES
1. It is allowed without the consent of the author or other right holder and without payment of remuneration, but with the obligatory indication of the name of the author whose work is used, and the source of borrowing:
...... ..
2) the use of lawfully published works and excerpts from them as illustrations in publications, radio and television programs, sound and video recordings of an educational nature to the extent justified by the intended purpose;
.....

For questions:
1) If the emphasis is not on the online cinema, but on training in. Is it appropriate for languages ​​to refer to this article? If not, why not?
2) What is the interpretation of "lawfully published", how to find out what is lawfully published? Is it legal to find it freely available on the Internet?
3) It is illegal to upload to a site / broadcast from another copyright object with the addition of Russian subtitles, but if you make a video insert “now listen and remember the pronunciation” before the series, then everything is set legally, do I understand correctly? If not, why not?

"educational videos"

4) As far as I understand, such large companies as Disney, HBO, etc. everything is limited to automatically sending a request to remove content/results in a search engine, are they not going to sue small sites? Maybe there have been cases?

Answer 1

The key point in all this demagogy is that the works on such sites are not legally published, because for this they must not violate the license. And they break it.