How to find out what loads the system?

Question

Windows

Periodically, once every 15-20 minutes, some kind of plugging occurs in the system - artifacts appear on the sound for 5 seconds, it becomes quieter, the mouse also slows down at this time, then everything becomes normal. In the task manager in the performance tab at this time, no jumps in activity were noticed. Maybe there are some other ways to track down what the problem is?
Attached a sample of the recorded sound at the time of this glitch. Maybe this will help you understand the essence of the problem.

Answer 1

Interrupts (system interrupts)
Can be anything that interacts with the hardware at a low level, that is, first of all, these are drivers. They, in turn, are tied to the equipment itself, which is buggy for one reason or another. For example, it could be a hard drive. Well, any driver, even keyboard or mouse (in theory).
I think it's still some kind of virtual driver, such as an antivirus or something like that. We still need to see what it depends on.

Answer 2

After what did it happen?
The first, the easiest, is to install a clean system, with default drivers (you can start with livecd ubuntu, since just a flash drive / dvd is enough for this), the correct operation of which will show that the problem is in the software and not in the hardware. If you install windows, then you first need to backup the entire partition (I recommend clonezilla) so that everything can be returned later.
If the problem persists and there are the same brakes on a clean system, then carry out diagnostics starting from RAM (this can be done immediately), memtest comes with livecd of any linux right in the bootloader. Alternately remove devices from the computer (starting with the video card) and see if the problems have disappeared or not.
Then check the disk connection, a typical problem is an oxide film on the contacts, sometimes changing the data cable and the sata connection port on the motherboard solves such problems.
Another typical cause of a bunch of problems is the power supply, especially if its power is enough back to back (remember, the efficiency of cheap ones is much less than 80%, thanks if there is 60%, and working for wear for a long time, it drops even more). I remember that it helped me in a similar situation to reconnect the video card to a different power line (to where the disk power molexes are, through an adapter), the power supply in this case can be replaced by anyone, but as a temporary solution it worked without problems for a month.