How to find out the formula by which the time to crack a password is calculated?

Question

Burglary protection

For example, the site https://password.kaspersky.com/ru/ says that my password is cracked in 4 years, but how did he calculate it and under what conditions can my password be cracked in 4 years, I just saw an article that a person went to foreign structures and there is a scrap station, there are rtx's, the 8-digit password breaks before all the cards are initialized

Answer 1

How much brute force such a password?
https://www.betterbuys.com/estimating-password-cra...

Answer 2

It depends on what password, from what service.

Answer 3

there are rtx's,

how much did you take?

Answer 4

Here's a password for you, break it: qwerty23457823 The
password cannot be broken, you can break either the password hash (by recovering the password)c, or encryption, where the password is used as a key, or a service or equipment, where the password is used for authentication. In the first two cases, everything depends on the uniqueness and entropy ("randomness") of the password and on the cryptographic algorithm, for example, selecting the scrypt, argon2, yescrypt hash even using a dictionary can be costly and require such a configuration of equipment that is expensive to assemble at home and almost impossible to obtain in cloud or hosting. In the case of authentication, everything depends on the implemented brute-force protection algorithms and credentials stuffing.
What Kaspersky writes is just an entropy estimate without taking into account other factors translated into parrots understandable to the user (an estimate like 40 bits of entropy is usually not clear to him, and 4 years for hacking is already better), it has nothing to do with real time. Estimating entropy is also a kind of quackery, usually done by empirical methods, which include typical patterns used by the user and taken into account during brute force. Your password can be very entropy, but if it is already exposed in one of the leaks, it takes about 0 time to guess it.